![]() Message queues are a communication mechanism used in distributed systems to decouple components and enable asynchronous processing. ![]() They can help improve performance, distribute traffic, and protect backend servers from malicious traffic. Proxy servers can be used for load balancing, security, caching, and other purposes. Proxy ServersĪ proxy server is an intermediary between clients and servers that acts as a gateway, forwarding requests from clients to the appropriate servers. The CAP theorem, also known as Brewer’s theorem, states that a distributed system can only achieve two of the following three guarantees at any given time: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.Ĭonsistency ensures that all nodes see the same data at the same time, availability guarantees that the system will respond to every request, and partition tolerance ensures that the system continues to function even if communication between nodes is disrupted. This approach promotes modularity, scalability, and ease of maintenance, allowing individual services to be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. Each microservice is responsible for a specific functionality and communicates with other services via APIs. Microservices is an architectural pattern where a large application is broken down into smaller, independent, and loosely-coupled services. Both redundancy and replication are used to ensure system availability, fault tolerance, and data durability in the face of hardware failures or network partitions. Replication is the process of creating and maintaining multiple copies of data across different nodes in a distributed system. Redundancy is the duplication of critical system components or data to improve reliability and fault tolerance. Vertical scaling has limitations due to hardware constraints and can result in downtime during the scaling process. This can be achieved by upgrading the hardware or allocating more resources in a virtualized environment. Vertical scaling involves adding more resources (CPU, memory, storage) to an existing node or server, thus increasing its capacity to handle a higher workload. Horizontal scaling is often used in cloud environments and can be achieved through load balancing or sharding (splitting a software system into a few instances, each holding part of the data). This approach improves system performance and reliability by allowing it to handle more requests simultaneously. ![]() Horizontal scaling is the process of adding more nodes (servers or instances) to a system to distribute the load and increase its capacity. Here are several important concepts that play a role in modern system design. They both involve creating a blueprint for a system or application but focus on different aspects and levels of abstraction. System design and software design are related but distinct concepts in the context of software development. System Design Architecture and Patterns.This is part of a series of articles about system design. It involves creating a blueprint that outlines how various elements interact and work together to achieve the desired functionality, performance, and reliability. System design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and overall structure of a system to meet specified requirements and goals. ![]()
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